Establishment of gas chromatography for content determination of five volatile components in Qingxuan pills / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To estab lish a meth od for the determination of 5 volatile components as menthone ，menthol， pulegone，piperitone and ligustilide in Qingxuan pills. METHODS Seven batches of Qingxuan pills were taken as test samples and determined by gas chromatography. The gas chromatographic column was DB- 5 sillica capillary column ，the carrier gas was nitrogen，the inlet temperature was 200 ℃. The sample size was 1 μL，and the split ratio was 10 ∶ 1. The temperature was programmed（the initial temperature was kept at 100 ℃ for 2 min，and then raised to 220 ℃ at 5 ℃/min for 2 min），and the temperature of the flame ionization detector was 250 ℃. RESULTS The chromatographic peaks of menthone ，menthol，pulegone， piperitone and ligustilide reached the baseline separation ；the linear ranges of the five components were 0.008-0.388，0.010-0.527， 0.006-0.327，0.006-0.312，0.053-2.672 mg/mL（all r＞0.999 0）；the average recoveries were 96.33％（RSD＝1.23％，n＝6）， 96.92％（RSD＝1.38％，n＝6），97.53％（RSD＝1.81％，n＝6），96.80％（RSD＝1.89％，n＝6）and 95.61％（RSD＝0.77％， n＝6）；the contents of the five components were 0.009-0.070，0.040-0.157，0.017-0.150，0.008-0.049 and 0.144-0.932 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The gas chromatography method established in this study is simple and accurate ，which can simultaneously determine the contents of five volatile components in Qingxuan pills .

Effects of menthone and piperitone on growth, chlorophyll a and β-carotene production in Dunaliella salina.

Recently, studying essential oils and secondary metabolites of plants and microalgae have received much attention. The biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites is strongly influenced by different environmental factors. Monoterpenes as a main fraction of essential oils of fruits and vegetables have many clinical applications. They could inhibit the carcinogenesis processes and therefore might be effective in treatment of cancers. Dunaliella salina, a photosynthetic green microalga is known as a rich source for β-carotene production. In this study, the effects of some monoterpenes including menthone and piperitone was investigated on yield of production of β-carotene were studied. Menthone and piperitone as parameters of stress can make tensions to the medium of D. salina increasing its β-carotene and chlorophyll a content in every single cell but on the other hand these two monoterpenes cause a decrease in the concentration of β-carotene and chlorophyll a.

Analysis on volatile components of Liujing Toutong Tablets based on GC-MS / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the components of oil from Liujing Toutong Tablets by GC-MS. Methods: Steam distillation was used to extract the oil from Liujing Toutong Tablets, GC-MS was used to analyze the components, the components analyzed with the different kinds of condition; The optimum separated and analytical conditions were researched, the amount of the components from the essential oil were determined by normalization method. Results: All 102 components which 87 peaks have been attributed to herbs about 85.3% of the total essential oil were separated and identified, including menthone (11.887%) is calculated as the relative content of the highest. Conclusion: GC-MS is stable, reliable and reproducible. It is suitable for the quick analysis of volatile oil from Liujing Toutong Tablets.

Simultaneous Determination of Seven Active Components in Guo-Ming-Xing Bi-Yan Granules by HPLC under Multiple UV Wavelengths / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to establish a simultaneous determination method of chlorogenic acid,liquiritin,rosmarinic acid,arctiin,glycyrrhizic acid,schisandrin,menthone in Guo-Ming-Xing Bi-Yan(GMXBY) granules by HPLC under multiple UV wavelengths.Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm) was used as the chromatographic column.Acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid water solution was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution.The detection wavelength of chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid was 327 nm; that of liquiritin and arctiin was 280 nm; that of glycyrrhizic acid,schisandrin and menthone was 250 nm.The column temperature was 25℃.The injection volume was 10μL.Chlorogenic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.19-59.50μg?mL-1 (r = 0.999 8).The average recovery rate was 100.95%.Liquiritin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.51-150.70μg?mL-1 (r = 0.999 1).The average recovery rate was 100.38%.Rosmarinic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 3.40-68.08 μg?mL-1 (r = 0.999 9).The average recovery rate was 101.02%.Arctiin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 56.15-1 123.00μg?mL-1 (r =0.999 9).The average recovery rate was 100.39%.Glycyrrhizic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 21.54-430.80μg?mL-1 (r = 0.999 8).The average recovery rate was 97.09%.Schisandrin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2.57-51.34μg?mL-1 (r = 0.999 9).The average recovery rate was 99.19%.Menthone showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.50-10.00μg?mL-1 (r = 0.999 9).The average recovery rate was 100.35%.This established method was simple and reliable with good reproducibility,which can be used as the determination method of active components in GMXBY granules.

Identification of volatile compounds of Clinopodium odorum (Lamiaceae):A comparison between HS-SPME and classic hydrodistillation / Identificación de compuestos volátiles de Clinopodium odorum (Lamiaceae): Una comparación entre HS-SPME ehidrodestilación clásica

In the present work an analytical methodology to micro scale based on the use of the HS-SPME/GC-MS to determine volatile compounds present in Clinopodium odorum (Griseb.) Harley (Lamiaceae)was optimized and settled differences and similarities with itsessential oil. A systematic description of the volatile components of flowers, stems, leaves and combined aerial parts (whole plant) was constructed via GC-MS analyses of HS-SPME adsorbed compounds and of essential oils obtained through hydrodistillation of the same tissues. Pulegone was the main component of both the HS-SPME analysis and essential oil analysis. In addition, piperitenone oxide andpiperitone oxide were the other main components in the essential oil whereas in the HS-SPME analysis cis-isopulegone and menthone prevailed. The HS-SPME method can achieve comparable results to those obtained by essential oil analysis, by using very fewer samples, ashorter extraction time and a much simpler procedure.

En el presente trabajo se ha optimizado una metodología analítica a micro-escala basada en HS-SPME/GC-MS para determinar los compuestos volátiles presentes en Clinopodium odorum (Griseb.) Harley (Lamiaceae), y se establecieron diferencias y similitudes con su aceite esencial. Se realizó una descripción sistemática de los componentes volátiles de flores, tallos, hojas y partes aéreas combinadas(planta entera) a partir de los análisis por GC-MS a través del sistema HS-SPME y de los aceites esenciales. Pulegona fue el componenteprincipal tanto del análisis por HS-SPME, como del aceite esencial. Además, el óxido de piperitenona y el óxido de piperitona eran los otroscomponentes principales en el aceite esencial mientras que en el análisis por HS-SPME, prevalecieron cis-isopulegona y mentona. El método de HS-SPME puede lograr resultados comparables a los obtenidos por el análisis de aceite esencial, mediante el uso de muestras de menor tamaño, un tiempo de extracción más corto y un procedimiento más simple.

Seasonal variation of vegetative growth, essential oil yield and composition of menthol mint genotypes at southern Brazil / Variação sazonal do crescimento vegetativo, produtividade e composição de óleo essencial em genótipos de menta no sudeste brasileiro

Menthol has economic importance to the flavor, food and pharmaceutical industries. Ten menthol mint (Mentha spp) genotypes were assessed for essential oil content and composition at Southern Brazil environmental conditions at two harvest times (February and May). The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks with a 10 x 2 factorial for genotypes and harvest time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil content varied from 0.8 to 5.3% and was greater in February for all the investigated genotypes. The main constituents identified in the essential oil samples were menthol (12 - 92.7%), mentone (2.2 - 56.9%), and neomenthol (2.9 - 12.1%). Menthol levels were superior in May and showed a negative correlation with mentone and neomenthol, which in turn were higher in February. Menthol levels were positively correlated with menthyl acetate. Pulegone, 1.8 cineol, and limonene were also detected in lower concentrations in some genotypes. Thirteen other essential oil constituents were identified as trace elements in essential oil. Mentha canadensis L. showed the highest essential oil content (5.3 % - February and 3.5% - May) as well as the highest menthol content (89.6% - February, 92.7% - May) in both harvests. From the analyzed results, Southern Brazil local environmental conditions are appropriated for menthol production, with two harvests and M. canadensis L. can be recommended as a promising genetic source. The summer harvest (February) favored oil yield, although with a slight decrease in menthol content. The challenge of achieving higher essential oil and menthol yields depends on strategies to increase herb yield by developing innovative agronomic practices.

O mentol, constituinte majoritário do óleo essencial de menta é usado nas indústrias farmacêutica, alimentícia e de aromas. Onze genótipos de Mentha sp. foram estudados em relação ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, rendimento, produtividade e composição de óleo essencial nas condições edafoclimáticas do litoral Norte Catarinense, em duas épocas (fevereiro e maio). O trabalho foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 10 x 2 para genótipos e épocas de colheita. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação em aparelho graduado Clevenger. O teor de óleo essencial variou entre 0,8 e 5,3%, sendo maior em fevereiro para todos os genótipos. Os constituintes majoritários identificados foram mentol (12 ­ 92,7%), mentona (2,2 ­ 56,9%), e neomentol (2,9 ­ 12,1). Os maiores teores de mentol foram observados em maio, apresentando correlação negativa com mentona e neomentol, os quais foram superiores em fevereiro. Os teores de acetato de metila apresentaram correlação positiva com os de mentol. Pulegona, 1,8 cineol, e limoneno foram identificados em menores concentrações e outros treze constituintes foram detectados como elementos traço em alguns genótipos. Mentha canadensis L. apresentou os maiores teores de óleo essencial, (5,3 % - Fevereiro e 3,5% - Maio) e mentol (89,6% - Fevereiro, 92,7% - Maio) em ambas as colheitas. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as condições edafoclimáticas do litoral Norte Catarinense são adequadas para a produção de mentol, com duas colheitas, recomendando-se o genótipo M. canadensis L. A colheita de verão (fevereiro) favorece a produtividade de óleo essencial reduzindo o teor de mentol. O desafio para aumentar a produtividade de óleo essencial e de mentol depende de estratégias que aumentem a produção de biomassa através do desenvolvimento de práticas agronômicas inovativas.

Quality analysis of Mingmu Shangqing tablets / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of the quality of Mingmu Shangqing tablets and to carry out exploratory research on its quality standard. METHODS: Thirty-four batches of samples were tested according to the current quality standard in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010) Volume I. The exploratory research including microscopic identification of the raw powders, analysis of the volatile constituents by GC, determination of the characteristic components of prepared Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei and Radix Glycytthiae by HPLC, and determination of the active components of Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Fructus Aurantii, Pericarpium citri Reticulatae, and Radix Scutellariae by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Thirty-three batches (97.1%) met the current quality standard. CONCLUSION: The exploratory research can increase the specificity, controllability and safety of the quality standard of Mingmu Shangqing tablets. It will provide reference for further revise of the drug standard and monitoring the drug quality.

Study on determination method of menthone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To establish a method for determination of methone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae. Methods: The contents of menthone and pulegone were determined by GC (equipped with FID) with HP-5 fused capillary column (5% phenyl methyl siloxane 30m?0.32mm?0.25?m) after the samples were extracted by the solvents. Results: The linear ranges were 0.002-5.0g/L (r=0.9999) for menthone and 0.002-5.0g/L (r=0.9996) for pulegone, the recoveries of menthone and pulygone were 96.30%-103.9% and 95.7%-102.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was simple and accurate, which could be applied to the determination of menthone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae.